Tumour
Some cool Tumour images:
The egg with the bloody, external cranial tumor
Image by R.B. Boyer
Tumour
Check out these Tumour images:
20120818IMG_4122-National Brain Tumor Society walk 2012
Image by ocean yamaha
Cancer
Some cool Cancer images:
The Conversation Between Cancer and Dream
Image by logan.fulcher
Cancer, in all of it’s welts and growths, had a conversation with the dream avatar to tell all of it’s victims to think of blue.
Breast Cancer Campaign – 10 Downing Street Illuminated Pink
Image by The Prime Minister’s Office
Breast Cancer Campaign – 10 Downing Street Illuminated Pink
For more information visit: www.facebook.com/breastcancercampaign
@BCCampaign
19 de octubre: Día Mundial de la Lucha contra el Cáncer de Mama
Image by ANSESGOB
Cada mes de octubre se realiza una campaña internacional para crear conciencia sobre el cáncer de mama y promover que cada vez más mujeres accedan a controles, diagnósticos y tratamientos oportunos y efectivos. En la Argentina, la prevención y el control del cáncer es una política de Estado a partir de la creación, en 2010, del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (INC) bajo la órbita del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación.
Con el objetivo de disminuir la mortalidad por esta enfermedad y mejorar la atención de las pacientes, el Programa Nacional de Control del Cáncer de Mama del INC ha desarrollado estrategias de control de calidad de las mamografías con el objetivo de que se incremente la efectividad de los procedimientos de detección y diagnóstico, que son fundamentales para el tratamiento y la cura.
El cáncer de mama es un problema de salud pública en muchos países y también en la Argentina, tanto por la cantidad de mujeres que son afectadas como por las complejidades que impone su control. En nuestro país el cáncer de mama es el que tiene más altos índices de incidencia y mortalidad entre las mujeres, con 18.000 nuevos casos y 5.400 fallecimientos cada año.
La detección temprana es fundamental para el tratamiento y la cura del cáncer de mama. Todas las mujeres sanas, que nunca hayan padecido enfermedades en la mama ni tengan antecedentes familiares, deben realizarse una mamografía cada dos años, especialmente entre los 50 y los 70 años.
Las estrategias elaboradas por el organismo dependiente de la cartera sanitaria nacional apuntan a tanto a realizar los controles y el diagnóstico de manera oportuna como a asegurar que las personas diagnosticadas reciban un tratamiento adecuado.
Según precisó la doctora María Viniegra, coordinadora técnica del INC y responsable del Programa Nacional de Control del Cáncer de Mama, “se trata de un objetivo ambicioso, a largo plazo, que requiere del trabajo en tres ejes principales: control de calidad, cobertura y monitoreo”.
El control de calidad implica que los procedimientos de detección, diagnóstico y tratamiento que requieran las mujeres a riesgo, con sospecha de cáncer o con cáncer confirmado, tengan la calidad necesaria para asegurar los mejores resultados. “Si la mamografía no ha sido correctamente realizada, la biopsia no está bien informada o el tratamiento no se aplica en tiempo, las posibilidades de curación disminuyen y por lo tanto aumenta el riesgo de morir por cáncer de mama”, puntualizó Viniegra. “Es frecuente confundir calidad con tecnología cara o moderna, cuando en realidad se trata de cosas bastante menos complicadas, como el adecuado mantenimiento de los equipos, las condiciones de los reactivos que se emplean y el entrenamiento del personal técnico y médico”
La cobertura es la capacidad que tiene un programa para llegar a la gente que lo necesita. La mayor parte de la población sabe que tiene que cuidar su salud, pero no todos tienen las mismas oportunidades de hacerlo. En este sentido, el programa debe trabajar en pos de eliminar las barreras que impiden el acceso a la cobertura como la falta de información, la falta de tiempo, la sobrecarga por trabajo, hijos, familiares a cargo, la falta de dinero para llegar al hospital y las diversas complicaciones para acceder a las prestaciones del servicio de salud.
El tercer eje al que apunta el Programa de Control del Cáncer de Mama es la implementación de un sistema de monitoreo que brinde datos sobre cuántas mamografías se han realizado, a cuántas mujeres, a qué edad y cuántos cánceres se han diagnosticado. Esta información resulta indispensable para lograr calidad en los estudios de mamografía. “Si no podemos evaluar qué porcentaje de nuestros objetivos cumplimos, probablemente estemos gastando el tiempo y el dinero en forma insensata -indica la especialista-. Es esencial contar con un sistema de monitoreo que nos permita saber dónde estamos parados y hacia dónde vamos”.
Acciones
Dentro de las acciones previstas para desarrollar en 2012 se incluye la iniciación de un plan de control de calidad en mamografía que tiene por objetivo lograr un mejor rédito del estudio; la implementación de un sistema de información que brinde datos de calidad, y la capacitación a cirujanos, técnicos radiólogos y médicos para el diagnóstico.
Asimismo, se continuará con el desarrollo de consensos sobre guías de prácticas destinadas a asegurar la calidad y el buen desempeño de todos los aspectos vinculados con el cuidado del cáncer de mama desde la detección hasta el tratamiento. Las guías incluyen diversas áreas, como el control de calidad de mamografía, mastología clínica, evaluación de riesgo de cáncer de mama para médicos de primer nivel de atención, tratamiento para la enfermedad inicial y reporte de anatomía patológica.
Las guías de prácticas son recomendaciones que hace la autoridad sanitaria basadas en la evidencia científica actual y en análisis de factibilidad local. Están destinadas a cubrir cada problema que pueda surgir aún antes de que una mujer se realice la mamografía.
En cuanto a la actualización de los controles de calidad de los mamógrafos y de los recursos humanos, Viniegra precisó: “Estamos interesados en desarrollar una alianza estratégica con dos socios muy importantes: la Sociedad Argentina de Radiología y el grupo de trabajo de cáncer de mama de la RINC (Red de Institutos Nacionales de Cáncer de América Latina), a los efectos de fortalecer nuestras posibilidades de implementar un plan que considere tanto el control dosimétrico y de la calidad de la imagen como la calidad de la lectura de los estudios”.
La calidad mamográfica posibilita un diagnóstico oportuno porque, al contar con buenas mamografías, los márgenes de error se reducen. De esta manera, se evitan situaciones de angustia por un diagnóstico mal informado y la realización de estudios innecesarios. “Una buena mamografía exige un buen técnico, que sepa cómo funciona el mamógrafo, cómo se posiciona a la mujer, cómo se procesa el estudio, exige un buen médico que controle la calidad de la placa y sepa interpretarla de una manera justa, ni despreocupada ni alarmista”, explicó Viniegra.
La primera causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres en nuestro país es el cáncer de mama. Argentina, luego de Uruguay, es la nación de América con la tasa de mortalidad más alta por cáncer de mama, con aproximadamente 20 muertes por cada 100.000 mujeres.
El INC es responsable del desarrollo y la implementación de políticas de salud, así como de la coordinación de acciones integradas para la prevención y el control del cáncer en el país. El principal objetivo del organismo es disminuir la incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer, además de mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con esta enfermedad.
Preguntas frecuentes
¿Cuáles son las principales causas, factores de riesgo y métodos de prevención?
El cáncer de mama es una enfermedad multifactorial. Es el producto de diferentes factores de riesgo y de estilos de vida, así como también de una carga genética que predispone a la mujer a enfermar o no. Son factores de riesgo: los antecedentes familiares de esta enfermedad, ser mayor de 50 años, un estilo de vida sedentario, el alto consumo de grasas, el exceso de peso y el consumo de alcohol más que moderado.
Pero la buena noticia es que sobre muchos de estos factores se puede actuar para disminuir el riesgo. Se ha detectado que llevar una vida saludable puede cambiar mucho el espectro de enfermedades no sólo oncológicas sino también cardiovasculares. El ejercicio físico aeróbico, por ejemplo, puede operar en la reducción de riesgo del cáncer de mama, especialmente en la postmenopausia.
Menos del 5% de todos los cánceres de mama están relacionados con factores genéticos que son muy determinantes.
¿A qué edad las mujeres deben realizarse mamografías? ¿Cada cuánto tiempo deben controlarse?
La incidencia del cáncer de mama aumenta a partir de los 45-50 años, y la mortalidad por cáncer de mama aumenta unos años después de esa edad. La evidencia científica muestra que el grupo en el que la mamografía brinda más réditos es el de mujeres de 50 a 70 años.
Estudios hechos cada dos años parecieran ser tan efectivos como los realizados con más frecuencia, además de tener menos tasas de sobrediagnóstico y efectos adversos. Esto no quiere decir que mujeres fuera de ese rango etario no deban hacerse mamografías.
Es muy importante tener en cuenta que tanto en las mujeres de entre 40 y 50 años como en las mayores de 70 la decisión de hacer o no una mamografía debe ser personalizada. La mujer debe hablarlo con su ginecólogo/a o con su médico/a de cabecera, y valorar los pros y los contras de hacer el estudio mamográfico.
Cualquier intervención médica trae aparejados costos y beneficios. El beneficio potencial de la mamografía es el poder diagnosticar tempranamente una enfermedad y ofrecer por lo tanto mejores oportunidades de cura.
¿Cuáles son los avances científicos más notables en la última década?
Se sabe que el cáncer de mama no es una enfermedad sino una familia de enfermedades que se originan en la misma glándula, pero no en las mismas células ni por los mismos mecanismos. Cada vez es más claro que los diferentes subtipos de cánceres de mama se comportan diferente y tienen distintos pronósticos y respuestas a tratamientos.
Uno de los grandes avances en el cáncer de mama es la descripción de los perfiles moleculares. Esto permite el desarrollo de moléculas que están destinadas a modificar algunos procesos muy críticos dentro de los mecanismos celulares.
Muchos grupos de investigación en el país trabajan para desarrollar marcadores (genéticos) que permitan predecir cómo se comportarán determinados cánceres en cada paciente. Estas investigaciones pueden servir para predecir qué tratamientos van a ser más útiles en cada tipo de tumor, ya sea con tratamientos tradicionales como puede ser la hormonoterapia, la quimioterapia, la radioterapia, o con tratamientos más modernos como los anticuerpos monoclonales.
¿Qué tipo de exámenes diagnósticos existen?
Básicamente hay dos formas de detectar el cáncer de mama. Una es cuando el cáncer provoca síntomas, a través de un nódulo palpable o de alguna alteración en las características de la mama. En un estado avanzado de la enfermedad se pueden observar síntomas como retracción del pezón, retracción o cambios en el color de la piel, prurito o lesiones descamativas en el pezón.
Por otra parte, existe la posibilidad de detectar el cáncer de mama en su fase asintomática, cuando todavía la lesión no es palpable, o es mínimamente palpable, y eso se hace a través de una mamografía.
Hay otros métodos diagnósticos por imágenes, como la ecografía, que se usa en forma complementaria a la mamografía. Y también hay un método más sofisticado, que es la resonancia nuclear magnética, que se emplea en mujeres con mucha carga familiar en las que hay detectadas mutaciones genéticas o se presupone que puede haber mutaciones genéticas, y también se utiliza en algunas mujeres con mamas extremadamente densas o que tengan prótesis mamarias.
Sobre la calidad mamográfica
En la Argentina, la densidad de mamógrafos varía en las diferentes jurisdicciones entre 0,42 y 13,6 cada 10.000 mujeres de la población objetivo. Si se considera una utilización del equipamiento de ocho horas diarias, cinco días por semana, a razón de tres mamografías por hora, se calcula que una densidad de un equipo por 10.000 mujeres permite cubrir a más del 70 por ciento de la población en un esquema de tamizaje bienal (cada dos años). Esto implica que la mayoría de las jurisdicciones cuenta con equipos necesarios para cubrir a su población.
Si bien la cantidad de mamógrafos disponibles es fundamental, otro elemento a tener en cuenta es la cantidad de horas de funcionamiento. Es imprescindible que los mamógrafos funcionen a tiempo completo para efectuar el mayor número posible de estudios por hora. Es importante que los equipos sean adecuadamente utilizados porque son costosos y fueron adquiridos para brindar un servicio a la población. Además, es claro que la calidad de un servicio muy productivo es superior a uno subutilizado.
El cáncer de mama en cifras en Argentina
* El cáncer de mama es la primera causa de muerte por tumores en mujeres.
* Se producen 5.400 muertes por año por cáncer de mama.
* La tasa de mortalidad por cáncer de mama en el país es de 20,1 cada 100.000 mujeres.
* Se estima que se producen 18.000 nuevos casos por año, lo cual representa el 17,8% del total de incidencia de cáncer en Argentina.
* Argentina, luego de Uruguay, es el país de América con la tasa de mortalidad más alta por cáncer de mama (con 20,1 y 24,3 defunciones cada 100.000 mujeres respectivamente). Ecuador y México tienen las tasas más bajas (con 10 y 10,5 defunciones cada 100.000 mujeres respectivamente).
* En el país se presenta una gran diferencia en la tasa de mortalidad entre diferentes provincias. Jujuy y Santiago del Estero están entre las que tienen un índice más bajo (14 y 14,2 respectivamente), mientras que Tierra del Fuego y la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires son los lugares en donde se da una mayor mortalidad (26,5 y 28 respectivamente).
* Las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de mama más elevadas se dan entre los 50 años (41,6 cada 100.000 mujeres) y los 80 años o más (215,8 cada 100.000 mujeres).
* El cáncer de mama es el cáncer de mayor incidencia en mujeres, con una tasa de 74 casos por cada 100.000 mujeres.
* Más del 75% de las mujeres con cáncer de mama no tienen ningún antecedente familiar de dicha enfermedad.
* Para el cáncer de mama la detección temprana es fundamental, ya que los tumores de menos de 1 centímetro tienen hasta el 90% de probabilidades de curación.
* 1% de los cánceres de mama se presenta en hombres.
Fuente: www.msal.gov.ar/inc/ciudadanos_cancer_mama_cifras.asp
Asthma
Some cool Asthma images:
Origami Spacer Prototype
Image by oschene
Phillip Torrone of Make magazine posted an article about making spacers out of paper that I found quite interesting. I had no idea.
A spacer is a sort of carburetor for an asthma inhaler — they’re used by children and retarded people who have trouble learning how to do the inhaling thing. It’s harder than it looks. And an asthma attack can make you short on oxygen and long on adrenochrome — coordination and rational thought kind of go out the window. (I had asthma for a couple years after I quit smoking — something they don’t put in the pamphlets.)
Anyhow, the one in the article was a little too pepakura for my taste, so I rolled my own out of a piece of A4. No cuts, of course.
Origami Spacer Prototype
Image by oschene
Phillip Torrone of Make magazine posted an article about making spacers out of paper that I found quite interesting. I had no idea.
A spacer is a sort of carburetor for an asthma inhaler — they’re used by children and retarded people who have trouble learning how to do the inhaling thing. It’s harder than it looks. And an asthma attack can make you short on oxygen and long on adrenochrome — coordination and rational thought kind of go out the window. (I had asthma for a couple years after I quit smoking — something they don’t put in the pamphlets.)
Anyhow, the one in the article was a little too pepakura for my taste, so I rolled my own out of a piece of A4. No cuts, of course.
Cancer
A few nice Cancer images I found:
Cops for Cancer -RonSombilonGallery (135)
Image by SOMBILON ART, MEDIA and PHOTOGRAPHY
Canadian Cancer Society – Cops for Cancer Greater Vancouver 2009
Committed Cops – Inspirational Kids – Caring Communities
The Tour de Coast – Sept. 23rd to Oct. 1, 2009
Official sponsor Coast Capitol Savings
supported by Ron Sombilon Gallery
www.Cancer.ca
www.CoastCapitalSavings.com
www.RonSombilonGallery.com
Cops for Cancer -RonSombilonGallery (123)
Image by SOMBILON ART, MEDIA and PHOTOGRAPHY
Canadian Cancer Society – Cops for Cancer Greater Vancouver 2009
Committed Cops – Inspirational Kids – Caring Communities
The Tour de Coast – Sept. 23rd to Oct. 1, 2009
Official sponsor Coast Capitol Savings
supported by Ron Sombilon Gallery
www.Cancer.ca
www.CoastCapitalSavings.com
www.RonSombilonGallery.com
Bronchitis
Check out these Bronchitis images:
Leaves and immature fruits of Cocculus orbiculatus, Queen Coralbead …Lá và những trái xanh của dây Sâm, dây Xanh, Mộc Phòng Kỷ …
Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants
Loại Sương Sâm này không chắc và dai lắm, giá bán cũng rẻ hơn loại Sương Sâm lông .Nhưng dễ trồng, ít sâu bệnh , Giống được mang lên từ Bến Tre . Tôi đang trồng ở vườn sau nhà..
Vietnamese named : Dây xanh, Mộc phòng kỷ, Dây Sâm
English name : Queen Coralbead
Scientist name : Cocculus orbiculatus
Family : Menispermaceae. Họ Tiết Dê
Searched from :
**** Y HỌC CỔ TRUYỀN TUỆ TĨNH
www.lrc-hueuni.edu.vn/dongy/show_target.plx?url=/thuocdon…
Dây xanh, Mộc phòng kỷ – Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC. (C. trilobus (Thunb.) DC.), thuộc họ Tiết dê – Menispermaceae.
Mô tả: Dây leo gỗ mọc quấn, rụng lá, dài tới 3m. Lá mọc so le, dài 3-6cm, rộng 1-3cm, có lông, nhất là ở mặt dưới; gân gốc 3-5. Hoa nhỏ màu vàng trắng mọc thành chùm ở nách lá. Quả hạch, đen lam, to 5-6mm.
Cây ra hoa tháng 5-6.
Bộ phận dùng: Rễ, -Radix Cocculi Orbiculati; ở Trung Quốc thường gọi là Mộc phòng kỷ.
Nơi sống và thu hái: Cây của vùng lục địa á châu, phân bố ở Nam Trung Quốc, Nhật Bản. Chưa rõ sự phân bố ở nước ta, nhưng có tác giả gộp làm một với Cocculus sarmentosus (Lour.) Diels. Ở Trung Quốc, người ta phân biệt ra 2 loài. Rễ thu hái vào mùa hè và mùa thu. Rửa sạch, thái lát mỏng, dùng tươi hoặc phơi khô dùng dần.
Thành phần hoá học: Trong rễ có magnoflorin, trilobin, isotrilobin, homotrilobin, trilobamin, normenisarin và colobin.
Tính vị, tác dụng: Vị đắng, cay, tính hàn, có tác dụng trừ thấp, giảm đau, lợi tiểu, tiêu sưng, tiêu viêm, hạ huyết áp.
Công dụng, chỉ định và phối hợp: Rễ được dùng trị 1. Thấp khớp, đau khớp và đau xương; 2. Đau dạ dày, đau bụng, đau bụng kinh; 3. Đau họng; 4. Viêm thận phù thũng, bệnh đường tiết niệu; 5. Thấp khớp tim; 6. Huyết áp cao. Cũng được dùng chữa đau thần kinh. Liều dùng 15-30g, dạng thuốc sắc. Dùng ngoài trị đinh nhọt, bệnh ngoài da và rắn cắn, giã rễ tươi và đắp.
ở Trung Quốc, người ta cho biết rễ chứa nhiều tinh bột, có thể dùng nấu rượu.
Đơn thuốc:
1. Thấp khớp đau nhức xương, dùng Mộc phòng kỷ, Ngưu tất, mỗi vị 15g, sắc uống.
2. Viêm thận phù thũng, bệnh đường tiết niệu: Mộc phòng kỷ 15g, Mã đề 30g, sắc uống.
3. Đau họng: Mộc phòng kỷ 15-30g, sắc uống.
_____________________________________________________
**** www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cocculus+orbiculatus
Cocculus orbiculatus is a deciduous Climber growing to 4 m (13ft 1in).
It is hardy to zone 7. It is in flower in August, and the seeds ripen in October. The flowers are monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant)
The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil.The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils..It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade.It requires moist soil.
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cocculus_orbiculatus_002.JPG
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cocculus_orbiculatus_003.JPG
Habitats
Woodland Garden Dappled Shade; Shady Edge;
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Leaves; Root.
Edible Uses:
Leaves – cooked. An emergency food, it is used when all else fails[177]. One report says that the root might be edible[177].
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Anodyne; Antiasthmatic; Antiphlogistic; Antirheumatic; Carminative; Depurative; Diuretic; Vermifuge.
The root is anodyne, antiphlogistic, antirheumatic, carminative, depurative, diuretic and vermifuge[147, 176, 218]. It is used in the treatment of rheumatic arthritis, oedema and oliguria[176]. It has also shown antibacterial and anti-amoebic activity[176]. A decoction of the stems is used in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis and paralysis[218].
Other Uses
Basketry; Insecticide.
The bleached tendrils are used as an ornamental infill in basket making[46, 61]. The plant contains cocculoidine which has insecticidal activity[218].
Cultivation details
Easily cultivated in an ordinary garden soil[1], it prefers a well-drained moisture retentive fertile soil in full sun or semi-shade[200]. Plants only fruit well when grown in full sun[219]. This species is hardy to about -10°c[200]. Plants climb by means of twining around supports[219]. They do not normally require pruning[219]. Closely related to C. carolinus[200].
Propagation
Seed – we have no details for this species but suggest sowing the seed as soon as it is ripe in a greenhouse. Sow stored seed as soon as possible in a greenhouse. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in the greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. Root cuttings in December in a greenhouse[200]. Division in the dormant season. Cuttings of half-ripe wood, July/August in a frame[200].
**** www.naturalmedicinalherbs.net/herbs/c/cocculus-orbiculatu…
**** www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=2…
1. Cocculus orbiculatus (Linnaeus) Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: 523. 1817.
木防己 mu fang ji
Woody vines. Young branches striate, puberulent to subglabrous. Petiole 1-3(-5) cm, whitish tomentose or pubescent; leaf blade variable in shape, linear-lanceolate to broadly ovate, narrowly elliptic to rotund, oblanceolate to obcordate, sometimes 3(-5)-lobed, 3-8(-10) cm, variable in width, papery to thinly leathery, both surfaces puberulent to glabrous, base rounded to truncate, occasionally broadly cuneate or shallowly cordate, margin entire, apex acute or obtuse, with a finely mucronate acumen, sometimes slightly emarginate or 2-lobed, palmately 3(or 5)-veined, basal pair of veins usually obscure beyond middle of leaf blade, slightly raised abaxially. Inflorescences axillary, cymose, few flowered, or many flowered arranged in a narrow terminal or axillary thyrse, up to 10 cm or longer, puberulent. Male flowers: bracteoles 1 or 2, ca. 0.5 mm, closely adnate to sepals, puberulent; sepals 6, outer whorl ovate or elliptic-ovate, 1-1.8 mm, inner whorl broadly elliptic to rotund, sometimes broadly obovate, up to 2.5 mm or slightly longer; petals 6, 1-2 mm, with sides shortly above base folded inward around opposite filament, apex divided into 2 acuminate or acute lobes; stamens 6, shorter than petals. Female flowers: sepals and petals as in male flower; staminodes 6, minute; carpels 6, glabrous. Drupes rotund, red to reddish purple, usually 7-8 mm in diam.; endocarp bony, 5-6 mm in diam., abaxially ornamented with branched ridges.
Sparse forests, shrublands, village margins, forest margins; near sea level to 1200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [E India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines; introduced in Indian Ocean islands (Mauritius, Réunion) and Pacific islands (Hawaii)].
**** WIKI
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cocculus_orbiculatus
**** HEAR ORG.
www.hear.org/starr/images/species/?q=cocculus+orbiculatus…
**** SERVING HISTORY.COM
www.servinghistory.com/topics/Cocculus_orbiculatus
**** PFAF ORG.
www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cocculus+orbiculatus
**** DAVESGARDEN
davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showimage/210691/
**** WIKI : COCCULUS
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocculus
Close up of seed of Cocculus orbiculatus, Queen Coralbead …Chụp gần hột của dây Xanh, Mộc Phòng Kỷ, dây Sâm…#1
Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants
Loại Sương Sâm này không chắc và dai lắm, giá bán cũng rẻ hơn loại Sương Sâm lông .Nhưng dễ trồng, ít sâu bệnh , Giống được mang lên từ Bến Tre . Tôi đang trồng ở vườn sau nhà..
Vietnamese named : Dây xanh, Mộc phòng kỷ, Dây Sâm
English name : Queen Coralbead
Scientist name : Cocculus orbiculatus
Family : Menispermaceae. Họ Tiết Dê
Searched from :
**** Y HỌC CỔ TRUYỀN TUỆ TĨNH
www.lrc-hueuni.edu.vn/dongy/show_target.plx?url=/thuocdon…
Dây xanh, Mộc phòng kỷ – Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC. (C. trilobus (Thunb.) DC.), thuộc họ Tiết dê – Menispermaceae.
Mô tả: Dây leo gỗ mọc quấn, rụng lá, dài tới 3m. Lá mọc so le, dài 3-6cm, rộng 1-3cm, có lông, nhất là ở mặt dưới; gân gốc 3-5. Hoa nhỏ màu vàng trắng mọc thành chùm ở nách lá. Quả hạch, đen lam, to 5-6mm.
Cây ra hoa tháng 5-6.
Bộ phận dùng: Rễ, -Radix Cocculi Orbiculati; ở Trung Quốc thường gọi là Mộc phòng kỷ.
Nơi sống và thu hái: Cây của vùng lục địa á châu, phân bố ở Nam Trung Quốc, Nhật Bản. Chưa rõ sự phân bố ở nước ta, nhưng có tác giả gộp làm một với Cocculus sarmentosus (Lour.) Diels. Ở Trung Quốc, người ta phân biệt ra 2 loài. Rễ thu hái vào mùa hè và mùa thu. Rửa sạch, thái lát mỏng, dùng tươi hoặc phơi khô dùng dần.
Thành phần hoá học: Trong rễ có magnoflorin, trilobin, isotrilobin, homotrilobin, trilobamin, normenisarin và colobin.
Tính vị, tác dụng: Vị đắng, cay, tính hàn, có tác dụng trừ thấp, giảm đau, lợi tiểu, tiêu sưng, tiêu viêm, hạ huyết áp.
Công dụng, chỉ định và phối hợp: Rễ được dùng trị 1. Thấp khớp, đau khớp và đau xương; 2. Đau dạ dày, đau bụng, đau bụng kinh; 3. Đau họng; 4. Viêm thận phù thũng, bệnh đường tiết niệu; 5. Thấp khớp tim; 6. Huyết áp cao. Cũng được dùng chữa đau thần kinh. Liều dùng 15-30g, dạng thuốc sắc. Dùng ngoài trị đinh nhọt, bệnh ngoài da và rắn cắn, giã rễ tươi và đắp.
ở Trung Quốc, người ta cho biết rễ chứa nhiều tinh bột, có thể dùng nấu rượu.
Đơn thuốc:
1. Thấp khớp đau nhức xương, dùng Mộc phòng kỷ, Ngưu tất, mỗi vị 15g, sắc uống.
2. Viêm thận phù thũng, bệnh đường tiết niệu: Mộc phòng kỷ 15g, Mã đề 30g, sắc uống.
3. Đau họng: Mộc phòng kỷ 15-30g, sắc uống.
_____________________________________________________
**** www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cocculus+orbiculatus
Cocculus orbiculatus is a deciduous Climber growing to 4 m (13ft 1in).
It is hardy to zone 7. It is in flower in August, and the seeds ripen in October. The flowers are monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant)
The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil.The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils..It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade.It requires moist soil.
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cocculus_orbiculatus_002.JPG
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cocculus_orbiculatus_003.JPG
Habitats
Woodland Garden Dappled Shade; Shady Edge;
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Leaves; Root.
Edible Uses:
Leaves – cooked. An emergency food, it is used when all else fails[177]. One report says that the root might be edible[177].
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Anodyne; Antiasthmatic; Antiphlogistic; Antirheumatic; Carminative; Depurative; Diuretic; Vermifuge.
The root is anodyne, antiphlogistic, antirheumatic, carminative, depurative, diuretic and vermifuge[147, 176, 218]. It is used in the treatment of rheumatic arthritis, oedema and oliguria[176]. It has also shown antibacterial and anti-amoebic activity[176]. A decoction of the stems is used in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis and paralysis[218].
Other Uses
Basketry; Insecticide.
The bleached tendrils are used as an ornamental infill in basket making[46, 61]. The plant contains cocculoidine which has insecticidal activity[218].
Cultivation details
Easily cultivated in an ordinary garden soil[1], it prefers a well-drained moisture retentive fertile soil in full sun or semi-shade[200]. Plants only fruit well when grown in full sun[219]. This species is hardy to about -10°c[200]. Plants climb by means of twining around supports[219]. They do not normally require pruning[219]. Closely related to C. carolinus[200].
Propagation
Seed – we have no details for this species but suggest sowing the seed as soon as it is ripe in a greenhouse. Sow stored seed as soon as possible in a greenhouse. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in the greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. Root cuttings in December in a greenhouse[200]. Division in the dormant season. Cuttings of half-ripe wood, July/August in a frame[200].
**** www.naturalmedicinalherbs.net/herbs/c/cocculus-orbiculatu…
**** www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=2…
1. Cocculus orbiculatus (Linnaeus) Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: 523. 1817.
木防己 mu fang ji
Woody vines. Young branches striate, puberulent to subglabrous. Petiole 1-3(-5) cm, whitish tomentose or pubescent; leaf blade variable in shape, linear-lanceolate to broadly ovate, narrowly elliptic to rotund, oblanceolate to obcordate, sometimes 3(-5)-lobed, 3-8(-10) cm, variable in width, papery to thinly leathery, both surfaces puberulent to glabrous, base rounded to truncate, occasionally broadly cuneate or shallowly cordate, margin entire, apex acute or obtuse, with a finely mucronate acumen, sometimes slightly emarginate or 2-lobed, palmately 3(or 5)-veined, basal pair of veins usually obscure beyond middle of leaf blade, slightly raised abaxially. Inflorescences axillary, cymose, few flowered, or many flowered arranged in a narrow terminal or axillary thyrse, up to 10 cm or longer, puberulent. Male flowers: bracteoles 1 or 2, ca. 0.5 mm, closely adnate to sepals, puberulent; sepals 6, outer whorl ovate or elliptic-ovate, 1-1.8 mm, inner whorl broadly elliptic to rotund, sometimes broadly obovate, up to 2.5 mm or slightly longer; petals 6, 1-2 mm, with sides shortly above base folded inward around opposite filament, apex divided into 2 acuminate or acute lobes; stamens 6, shorter than petals. Female flowers: sepals and petals as in male flower; staminodes 6, minute; carpels 6, glabrous. Drupes rotund, red to reddish purple, usually 7-8 mm in diam.; endocarp bony, 5-6 mm in diam., abaxially ornamented with branched ridges.
Sparse forests, shrublands, village margins, forest margins; near sea level to 1200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [E India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines; introduced in Indian Ocean islands (Mauritius, Réunion) and Pacific islands (Hawaii)].
**** WIKI
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cocculus_orbiculatus
**** HEAR ORG.
www.hear.org/starr/images/species/?q=cocculus+orbiculatus…
**** SERVING HISTORY.COM
www.servinghistory.com/topics/Cocculus_orbiculatus
**** PFAF ORG.
www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cocculus+orbiculatus
**** DAVESGARDEN
davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showimage/210691/
**** WIKI : COCCULUS
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocculus
Close up of seed of Cocculus orbiculatus, Queen Coralbead …Chụp gần hột của dây Xanh, Mộc Phòng Kỷ, dây Sâm…#2
Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants
Loại Sương Sâm này không chắc và dai lắm, giá bán cũng rẻ hơn loại Sương Sâm lông .Nhưng dễ trồng, ít sâu bệnh , Giống được mang lên từ Bến Tre . Tôi đang trồng ở vườn sau nhà..
Vietnamese named : Dây xanh, Mộc phòng kỷ, Dây Sâm
English name : Queen Coralbead
Scientist name : Cocculus orbiculatus
Family : Menispermaceae. Họ Tiết Dê
Searched from :
**** Y HỌC CỔ TRUYỀN TUỆ TĨNH
www.lrc-hueuni.edu.vn/dongy/show_target.plx?url=/thuocdon…
Dây xanh, Mộc phòng kỷ – Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC. (C. trilobus (Thunb.) DC.), thuộc họ Tiết dê – Menispermaceae.
Mô tả: Dây leo gỗ mọc quấn, rụng lá, dài tới 3m. Lá mọc so le, dài 3-6cm, rộng 1-3cm, có lông, nhất là ở mặt dưới; gân gốc 3-5. Hoa nhỏ màu vàng trắng mọc thành chùm ở nách lá. Quả hạch, đen lam, to 5-6mm.
Cây ra hoa tháng 5-6.
Bộ phận dùng: Rễ, -Radix Cocculi Orbiculati; ở Trung Quốc thường gọi là Mộc phòng kỷ.
Nơi sống và thu hái: Cây của vùng lục địa á châu, phân bố ở Nam Trung Quốc, Nhật Bản. Chưa rõ sự phân bố ở nước ta, nhưng có tác giả gộp làm một với Cocculus sarmentosus (Lour.) Diels. Ở Trung Quốc, người ta phân biệt ra 2 loài. Rễ thu hái vào mùa hè và mùa thu. Rửa sạch, thái lát mỏng, dùng tươi hoặc phơi khô dùng dần.
Thành phần hoá học: Trong rễ có magnoflorin, trilobin, isotrilobin, homotrilobin, trilobamin, normenisarin và colobin.
Tính vị, tác dụng: Vị đắng, cay, tính hàn, có tác dụng trừ thấp, giảm đau, lợi tiểu, tiêu sưng, tiêu viêm, hạ huyết áp.
Công dụng, chỉ định và phối hợp: Rễ được dùng trị 1. Thấp khớp, đau khớp và đau xương; 2. Đau dạ dày, đau bụng, đau bụng kinh; 3. Đau họng; 4. Viêm thận phù thũng, bệnh đường tiết niệu; 5. Thấp khớp tim; 6. Huyết áp cao. Cũng được dùng chữa đau thần kinh. Liều dùng 15-30g, dạng thuốc sắc. Dùng ngoài trị đinh nhọt, bệnh ngoài da và rắn cắn, giã rễ tươi và đắp.
ở Trung Quốc, người ta cho biết rễ chứa nhiều tinh bột, có thể dùng nấu rượu.
Đơn thuốc:
1. Thấp khớp đau nhức xương, dùng Mộc phòng kỷ, Ngưu tất, mỗi vị 15g, sắc uống.
2. Viêm thận phù thũng, bệnh đường tiết niệu: Mộc phòng kỷ 15g, Mã đề 30g, sắc uống.
3. Đau họng: Mộc phòng kỷ 15-30g, sắc uống.
_____________________________________________________
**** www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cocculus+orbiculatus
Cocculus orbiculatus is a deciduous Climber growing to 4 m (13ft 1in).
It is hardy to zone 7. It is in flower in August, and the seeds ripen in October. The flowers are monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant)
The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil.The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils..It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade.It requires moist soil.
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cocculus_orbiculatus_002.JPG
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cocculus_orbiculatus_003.JPG
Habitats
Woodland Garden Dappled Shade; Shady Edge;
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Leaves; Root.
Edible Uses:
Leaves – cooked. An emergency food, it is used when all else fails[177]. One report says that the root might be edible[177].
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Anodyne; Antiasthmatic; Antiphlogistic; Antirheumatic; Carminative; Depurative; Diuretic; Vermifuge.
The root is anodyne, antiphlogistic, antirheumatic, carminative, depurative, diuretic and vermifuge[147, 176, 218]. It is used in the treatment of rheumatic arthritis, oedema and oliguria[176]. It has also shown antibacterial and anti-amoebic activity[176]. A decoction of the stems is used in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis and paralysis[218].
Other Uses
Basketry; Insecticide.
The bleached tendrils are used as an ornamental infill in basket making[46, 61]. The plant contains cocculoidine which has insecticidal activity[218].
Cultivation details
Easily cultivated in an ordinary garden soil[1], it prefers a well-drained moisture retentive fertile soil in full sun or semi-shade[200]. Plants only fruit well when grown in full sun[219]. This species is hardy to about -10°c[200]. Plants climb by means of twining around supports[219]. They do not normally require pruning[219]. Closely related to C. carolinus[200].
Propagation
Seed – we have no details for this species but suggest sowing the seed as soon as it is ripe in a greenhouse. Sow stored seed as soon as possible in a greenhouse. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in the greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. Root cuttings in December in a greenhouse[200]. Division in the dormant season. Cuttings of half-ripe wood, July/August in a frame[200].
**** www.naturalmedicinalherbs.net/herbs/c/cocculus-orbiculatu…
**** www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=2…
1. Cocculus orbiculatus (Linnaeus) Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: 523. 1817.
木防己 mu fang ji
Woody vines. Young branches striate, puberulent to subglabrous. Petiole 1-3(-5) cm, whitish tomentose or pubescent; leaf blade variable in shape, linear-lanceolate to broadly ovate, narrowly elliptic to rotund, oblanceolate to obcordate, sometimes 3(-5)-lobed, 3-8(-10) cm, variable in width, papery to thinly leathery, both surfaces puberulent to glabrous, base rounded to truncate, occasionally broadly cuneate or shallowly cordate, margin entire, apex acute or obtuse, with a finely mucronate acumen, sometimes slightly emarginate or 2-lobed, palmately 3(or 5)-veined, basal pair of veins usually obscure beyond middle of leaf blade, slightly raised abaxially. Inflorescences axillary, cymose, few flowered, or many flowered arranged in a narrow terminal or axillary thyrse, up to 10 cm or longer, puberulent. Male flowers: bracteoles 1 or 2, ca. 0.5 mm, closely adnate to sepals, puberulent; sepals 6, outer whorl ovate or elliptic-ovate, 1-1.8 mm, inner whorl broadly elliptic to rotund, sometimes broadly obovate, up to 2.5 mm or slightly longer; petals 6, 1-2 mm, with sides shortly above base folded inward around opposite filament, apex divided into 2 acuminate or acute lobes; stamens 6, shorter than petals. Female flowers: sepals and petals as in male flower; staminodes 6, minute; carpels 6, glabrous. Drupes rotund, red to reddish purple, usually 7-8 mm in diam.; endocarp bony, 5-6 mm in diam., abaxially ornamented with branched ridges.
Sparse forests, shrublands, village margins, forest margins; near sea level to 1200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [E India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines; introduced in Indian Ocean islands (Mauritius, Réunion) and Pacific islands (Hawaii)].
**** WIKI
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cocculus_orbiculatus
**** HEAR ORG.
www.hear.org/starr/images/species/?q=cocculus+orbiculatus…
**** SERVING HISTORY.COM
www.servinghistory.com/topics/Cocculus_orbiculatus
**** PFAF ORG.
www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cocculus+orbiculatus
**** DAVESGARDEN
davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showimage/210691/
**** WIKI : COCCULUS
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocculus
Bronchitis
A few nice Bronchitis images I found:
What Next?
Image by The Pack
That’s what I’m asking myself, and I think maybe Mercury is too. I thought we had all the health issues behind us…
Merc spent the afternoon at the vet today. His cough has returned. More radiographs were taken and we’re awaiting the consult of the radiologist. I’ll update if/when I have that news. Until then, it looks like bronchitis and we’re treating him with an expectorant.
I don’t think he’s feeling unwell. He’s eating well and playing. Perhaps he has a bit less energy, but nothing remarkable. He’s home with me now, and we’re planning a quiet and restful weekend.
Tussamag® Hustensaft N
Image by CT Arzneimittel
CT Arzneimittel GmbH, Lengeder Str. 42 a, 13407 Berlin, Tel.: 0 30/ 40 90 08-0, Fax: 0 30/ 40 90 08-21, www.ct-arzneimittel.de
Tussamag® Hustensaft N
Wirkstoff Thymiankraut-Fluidextrakt Anwendungsgebiete Zur Besserung der Beschwerden bei Erkältungskrankheiten der Atemwege mit zähflüssigem Schleim und zur Besserung der Beschwerden bei akuter Bronchitis. Warnhinweise: Tussamag Hustensaft N: Enthält 4 Vol.-% Alkohol und Saccharose (Zucker). Packungsbeilage beachten. Tussamag® Hustensaft N zuckerfrei: Enthält 4 Vol.-% Alkohol und Sorbitol. Packungsbeilage beachten. Apothekenpflichtig Stand: Juli 2008
Zu Risiken und Nebenwirkungen lesen Sie die Packungsbeilage und fragen Sie Ihren Arzt oder Apotheker.
day 011.
Image by H o l l y.
And life ain’t no beauty show
We don’t know where tomorrow ends
And when we’re sad
It’s kind of a drag
all i need.
Just realized I am wearing the same shirt as yesterday haha but today I am still a bit sick unfortunately. I feel like I have the same cough I did when I had bronchitis and if I have that again…seriously kill me now. Today was so hot outside and its been awhile since I have been outside in the day time… my allergies have made me avoid it. Tonight I am going out with some friends because I am always sick so I might as well fight through it when I can…ugh
Bronchitis
Check out these Bronchitis images:
Baboon
Image by Guerito
Photoshopped with the "Draganizer" action.
Contacts: Sorry for my inactivity during the last ten days or so, I’m pretty much out of order due to a bronchitis. I’ll be around more when I get better.
Common Mallow, High Mallow, Malva sylvestris…#7
Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants
Taken on May 27, 2012 in Hewitt city, Texas state, Southern of America.
Vietnamese named :
Common names : High Mallow
Scientist name : Malva sylvestris L.
Synonyms : Malva mauritiana L.
Malva sylvestris L. ssp. mauritiana (L.) Thell.
Malva sylvestris L. var. mauritiana (L.) Boiss.
Family : Malvaceae / Mallow family
Kingdom: Plantae – Plants
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta – Vascular plants
Superdivision: Spermatophyta – Seed plants
Division: Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Subclass: Dilleniidae
Order: Malvales
Genus: Malva L. – mallow
Species: Malva sylvestris L. – high mallow
**** plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=MASY
**** en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malva_sylvestris
**** www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Malva+sylvestris
Common NameMallow
FamilyMalvaceae
SynonymsAlthaea godronii. Althaea mauritiana. Malva ambigua. Malva erecta. Malva mauritiana.
Known Hazards When grown on nitrogen rich soils (and particularly when these are cultivated inorganically), the plant tends to concentrate high levels of nitrates in its leaves[76]. The leaves are perfectly wholesome at all other times. Avoid with gallstones.
HabitatsWaste ground, field verges and roadsides, avoiding acid soils[7, 9, 17].
RangeMost of Europe, including Britain.
Edibility Rating
Medicinal Rating
Care
Summary
Physical Characteristics
Malva sylvestris is a BIENNIAL/PERENNIAL growing to 0.5 m (1ft 8in).
It is hardy to zone 5 and is not frost tender. It is in flower from Jun to September, and the seeds ripen from Jul to October. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees, self.The plant is self-fertile.
The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil.The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils..It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade.It requires moist soil.
Habitats
Woodland Garden Sunny Edge; Dappled Shade; Hedgerow;
Edible Uses
Edible Parts: Flowers; Leaves; Seed.
Edible Uses: Tea.
Leaves – raw or cooked[2, 4, 7, 9, 94, 183]. Mucilaginous with a mild pleasant flavour, they are nice in soups where they act as a thickener[5]. The young leaves also make a very acceptable substitute for lettuce in a salad[K]. Immature seed – raw[183]. Used as a nibble[183], the seeds have a nice nutty flavour[12] but are too fiddly for most people to want to gather in quantity[K]. Flowers – raw. Added to salads or used as a garnish[183]. A pleasant mild flavour, with a similar texture to the leaves, they make a pleasant and pretty addition to the salad bowl[K]. The leaves are a tea substitute[46, 183].
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.
Antiphlogistic; Astringent; Demulcent; Diuretic; Emollient; Expectorant; Laxative; Salve.
All parts of the plant are antiphlogistic, astringent, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, laxative, salve[4, 7, 9, 21, 46, 222, 238]. The leaves and flowers can be eaten as part of the diet, or a tea can be made from the leaves, flowers or roots[222]. The leaves and flowers are the main part used, their demulcent properties making them valuable as a poultice for bruise, inflammations, insect bites etc, or they can be taken internally in the treatment of respiratory system diseases and problems with the digestive tract[4, 238, 254]. When combined with eucalyptus it makes a god remedy for coughs and other chest ailments[254]. Mallow has similar properties, but is considered to be inferior to the marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis) and are seldom used internally[4]. The plant is an excellent laxative for young children[7]. The leaves can be used fresh whenever they are available or can be harvested in the spring and dried for later use[254]. The flowers are harvested in the summer and can be dried for later use[254]. The German Commission E Monographs, a therapeutic guide to herbal medicine, approve Malva sylvestris for cough, bronchitis, inflammation of the mouth and pharynx (see [302] for critics of commission E).
Other Uses : Dye; Fibre; Litmus.
Cream, yellow and green dyes can be obtained from the plant and the seed heads[168]. A tincture of the flowers forms a very delicate test for alkalis[4, 115]. The leaves are used to relieve insect bites and stings[53]. A fibre obtained from the stems is useful for cordage, textiles and paper making[115].
Cultivation details
A very easily grown plant, succeeding in ordinary garden soil[1] and in poor soils[238]. It prefers a reasonably well-drained and moderately fertile soil in a sunny position[200], where it will produce a better crop of salad leaves[K]. Plants are hardy to about -20°c[187]. There are some named forms, selected for their ornamental value[187]. ‘Mauritiana’ is larger than the type with much more ornamental flowers[187]. The flavour of the leaves and flowers is considered by many to be superior to the type species[183]. Plants seem to be immune to the predations of rabbits[233]. Prone to infestation by rust fungus[200].
Propagation
Seed – sow early spring in situ. Germination should take place within 2 weeks.
**** hemetsunshine.wordpress.com/2012/01/08/edible-weed-malva/
EDIBLE WEEDS : MALVA SYLVESTRIS ( COMMON MALLOW )
Malva is an edible weed that tastes like spinach. All parts of the plant are edible and it has no poisonous look-a-likes. Malva is also called cheeseweed because the flower bud looks like a cheese wheel. Malva is simple to use in spinach recipes from raw salads and smoothies to quiches and sautees.
I see it growing all over the Hemet-San Jacinto Valley in the fall about a month after the rains begin. In January and February I harvest as much of it as I can. I have harvested it in March and April, but it is a lot harder to find leaves that are not full of bug eggs. I tried eating the leaves with bug eggs and don’t like the tangy flavor except with a Chinese Hoison sauce.
I blanch and freeze Malva in 10 ounce packages to make it easy to use in spinach recipes. I dehydrate it, then sprinkle it in soups, breads and many other foods for added nutrition. I used up last season’s Malva in December and now have an idea how much I should be storing up for next year.
For salads I choose fresh young leaves up to 2 inches in size. Later in the season, the leaf texture (in even the smaller leaves) is not tender enough to enjoy in salads, but tastes fine cooked or in smoothies. This is because the older Malva gets tough, stringy and has a slimy okra texture that I am not in to. Cooking resolves the texture issue. My family’s favorite meal is chicken Malva soup, and those are the only ingredients!
By the end of March the flowers start budding and have a tangy flavor I don’t like except in stuffed grape leaves. The largest Malva leaves are not as big as grape leaves, but they are a tasty substitute for grape leaves and are easy to work with.
I have been eating Malva for years. Last year was the first time I froze and dried it to enjoy all year. I am so happy with the results I hope to do this every year. My goal is to learn how to forage for free organic food and medicine — beginning with my yard! Ironically, I was looking for edible weeds in my yard because I was frustrated with the garden I have NOT started, yet. Foraging is so much easier than establishing a garden.
My personal experience with Malva is that it is both a food and a medicine. I have chronic pain due to a damaged hip. I have learned that inflammation management is my pain management and have done a lot of research on natural anti-inflammatory foods. I thought eating Malva made me feel great because it is a fresh organic green. Last year, I found out that Malva is also an anti-inflammatory!
I eat half to one whole tightly packed cup of fresh Malva each day from January through April. It feels almost as effective as an 800 ibuprofen. To say I LOVE Malva doesn’t say it strongly enough.
Malva grows all over the world. It is commonly called Mallow outside of the U.S. It is also known as Cheeseweed, Cheeses, Common Mallow, Dwarf Mallow, Round-leaved Mallow, Running Mallow, Round Dock, Umbrella Mall, Malvaceae and Zulu Spinach.
Another Day, Another Doctor’s Office | Day #036
Image by Geof F. Morris
This was a follow-up for my sleep apnea but may have the side effect
of following up on my bronchitis.
Bronchitis
Check out these Bronchitis images:
Jesse and Chloe
Image by superfluity
At Jesse’s house after Chloe was throwing up from bronchitis.
DSC_5479
Image by e_d_thompson
Christmas eve right before Jacki went back to bed with bronchitis.
Asthma
Check out these Asthma images:
Cyanthillium cinereum, Vernonia cinerea, Ash-Colored Fleabane ….Bạch đầu ông, Bạch đầu tro, Cúc dại tím…
Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants
Vietnamese named : Cúc tím dại, Bạch đầu tro, Bạch đầu ông .
Common names : Little Iron Weed, Ash- Colored Fleabane, Small Iron Weed, Vernonia.
Scientist name : Vernonia cinerea ( L.) Less
Synonyms : Blumea chinensis (L.) DC.; Conyza chinensis L.; Conyza cinerea L.; Senecioides cinerea (L.) Kuntze ex Britt. & Wilson; Serratula cinerea (L.) Roxb.; Cyanthillium cinereum
(L.) H.Rob., Vernonia cinerea var. parviflora (Reinw.) DC.
Family : Asteraceae / Compositae . Họ Cúc ( Hướng Dương )
Links :
**** www.khoahocphothong.com.vn/news/detail/9848/bach-dau-tro….
ĐÁP: Mẫu vật bạn gởi hỏi là cây Bạch đầu tro, còn gọi Bạch đầu ông, tên khoa học là Vernonia cinerea (L) Less., thuộc họ Cúc – Asteraceae.
Bạch đầu ông là cỏ nhất niên, cao 20 – 40 cm, có lông. Lá có phiến bìa nguyên hay có răng, gân phụ 3 – 4 cặp; cuống dài 1 cm. Phát hoa, lá hoa đầu hường hay đo đỏ; lá hoa có lông năm tiết; hoa toàn hình ống. Bế quả có lông màu trắng, lông vòng ngoài ngắn, lông trong dài cỡ 5 mm.
Cỏ dại thông thường, đất hoang, bờ lộ: I – XII. Chứa alcaloid, flavonoid, triterpen, sesquiterpenlacton, sesquiterpen.
Ta ăn lá non; phát hãn, trị ho, trị đau bụng; hoa trị đau mắt; in vitro, chống siêu khuẩn R.D. Ở Arabia, trị bò cạp cắn, sốt, trĩ; rễ, hột trị sán lãi.
Lá non làm rau ăn được, toàn cây có tính phát hãn (ra mồ hôi), lợi tiểu, giải độc, trị ho, đau bụng, sốt nóng. Có tính kháng siêu vi, trị viêm gan, cúm gia cầm. Liều dùng 100 g tươi hoặc 30 g khô sắc uống. Có thể phối hợp với cây Diệp hạ châu (Chó đẻ), Cỏ mực (Lọ nồi), mỗi thứ 30 g dược liệu khô, sắc uống để trị viêm gan siêu vi và các chứng sốt nóng do siêu vi.
___________________________________________________________
**** www.stuartxchange.org/AgasMoro.html
Agas-moro
Vernonia cinerea Linn.
ASH-COLORED FLEABANE
Ye xiang niu
Botany
Agas-moro is an erect, slender, sparingly branched, somewhat pubescent annual herb, growing up to 20 to 80 cm high. Leaves, smaller at higher altitudes, are oblanceolate to obovate, 2 to 6 cm long, with pointed or obtuse tips, with shallowly toothed margins. Heads are small, stalked, borne in open, lax corymbs, and about 7 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. Flowers are rather bright-purple, all perfect, the corolla all equal, tubular, slender 5-lobed, about 20 in each head, twice as long as the involucral bracts which are linear and silky. Fruits are achenes, striate, ribbed or angled; pappus hairs numerous.
Properties
Cooling, febrifuge, sedating, decongestant, anti-infectious.
According to Ayurveda, the herb is sweet, cold, tonic, stomachic, astringent.
Distribution
Open waste places throughout the settled areas at low and medium altitudes; common weed, flowering all the year.
Parts used
Whole plant.
Collect from May to August.
Rinse and sun-dry.
Uses
Folkloric
• In the Philippines, infusion of plant taken internally for cough.
• Plant also used for wounds.
• Decoction of leaves used against humid herpes, eczema, etc.
• Used for colds and fever; also for acute jaunditic hepatitis.
• Plant decoction used by Hindus to promote perspirationin febrile affections.
• Combined with quinine, used for malarial fevers.
• Expressed juice of plant used for hemorrhoids.
• In Chuta Nagpus whole plant used as remedy for bladder spasms and strangury.
• Root given for dropsy.
• Flowers used for conjunctivitis; also reported useful for fevers.
• In Patna, leaves employed as alexipharmic and anthelmintic.
• In the Nighantas plant used for asthma, bronchitis, and consumption.
• Neurasthenia, insomnia, night urination among infants, infected sores, mastitis, snake bites, sprains, furuncle.
• Dosage: 15 to 30 gms dried material (among infants, 9 to 15 gms), 30 to 60 gms fresh material in decoction. · · · • Poultice of fresh material used for eczema, carbuncle and snake bites.
• In India, whole herb juice is used most frequently – for eye problems. Also used for poisonous insect and snake bites. As a tonic, taken twice a month with milk. For ringworm, applied to affected parts with milk. Used for all types of fever and considered one of the best remedies for typhoid.
• In Ayurveda, used for consumption, asthma, bronchitis and fevers.
• In Senegal and French Guinea plant infusion used to wash newborn infants; also used for children with incontinence of urine.
• Bitter root used as vermifuge.
• In Ceylon, used for wounds and sores; taken internally to promote sweating.
Studies
• Anti-Arthritic / Anti-Inflammatory: An alcoholic extract from the flower of Vernonia cinerea was tested in adjuvant arthritic rats. The extract reversed major histopathological changes in the arthritic hindpaws. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids and flavanoids. The study concluded that the extract contains a yet-unidentified anti-inflammatory principle.
• Free Radical Scavenging: The levels of oxygen derived free radicals, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalas, glutathione peroxidase amd glutathione) were studied in experimental rats.
• Nephroprotective: Nephroprotective Activity of Herbal Extracts of Vernonia Cinerea in the Cisplatin Model of Renal Toxicity in Rats: Vernonia cinerea is a a plant widely used by the Indian tribal people of Tirumula for urinary complaints. A study on three extracts from the plant showed promising nephrocurative activity and nephroprotective activity in rat-model of cisplastin-induced renal toxicity. Cisplastin is a potent antitumor agent with limited clinical use because of its renal toxicity.
• Toxicity Study: No toxicity was found on a methanol extract study of VC in mice and brine shrimp.
• Antioxidant / Anti-Inflammatory: Methanol extract of VC was found to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and nitric oxide. It also significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammation together with down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine level and gene expression.
• Diuretic / Anti-Diuretic Effects: The chloroform extract of leaf induced significant diuresis while the methanol and aqueous extracts induced significant anti-diuresis in rats. In both, the effects were dose-dependent.
• Smoking Cessation Treatment: Veronia cinerea has been used in traditional Thai medicine to relieve cigarette craving. A 24-week, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial on 64 subjects randomized to an infusion of 3-gm crushed dried whole plant of VC in infusion three times daily or placebo. Results were promising and suggest that VC may be a potential alternative to treatment for smoking cessation with significant cost savings. Large scale trials are needed to verify its efficacy.
• Bioactive Constituents: Study isolated four compounds: (+)-Lirioresinol B, stigmasterol, stigmasterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside and 4-sulfo-benzocyclobutene. Three of the compounds showed cytotoxicity on PC-12 and three compounds showed inhibition activity. Compound 4 induced NGF-activity.
• Anti-Inflammatory: Methanol extract of the whole plant of VC exhibited significant dose-dependent activity against all phlogistic agents. In the chronic model, it exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity compared with the standard drug phenylbutazone.
• Anti-Inflammatory / Analgesic / Anti-Inflammatory: Chloroform, methanolic and ether extracts of VC showed to possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects together with changes in behavioral activities.
• Antibacterial: VC was one of 40 different medicinal plants that showed bioactivity against Corynebacterium macginleyi.
Availability
Wild-crafted.
**** www.hear.org/pier/species/cyanthillium_cinereum.htm
**** keys.trin.org.au:8080/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-…
**** ayurvedicmedicinalplants.com/plants/737.html
**** plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CYCI4
**** www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=2…
**** docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:fc5auZpvXr4J:www.n…
Vernonia cinerea, Cyanthillium cinereum, Little Iron Wees ‘s flowers and buds close up …Chụp gần hoa và nụ Cúc dại tím, Bạch đầu tro, Bạch đầu ông …
Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants
Vietnamese named : Cúc tím dại, Bạch đầu tro, Bạch đầu ông .
Common names : Little Iron Weed, Ash- Colored Fleabane, Small Iron Weed, Vernonia.
Scientist name : Vernonia cinerea ( L.) Less
Synonyms : Blumea chinensis (L.) DC.; Conyza chinensis L.; Conyza cinerea L.; Senecioides cinerea (L.) Kuntze ex Britt. & Wilson; Serratula cinerea (L.) Roxb.; Cyanthillium cinereum
(L.) H.Rob., Vernonia cinerea var. parviflora (Reinw.) DC.
Family : Asteraceae / Compositae . Họ Cúc ( Hướng Dương )
Links :
**** www.khoahocphothong.com.vn/news/detail/9848/bach-dau-tro….
ĐÁP: Mẫu vật bạn gởi hỏi là cây Bạch đầu tro, còn gọi Bạch đầu ông, tên khoa học là Vernonia cinerea (L) Less., thuộc họ Cúc – Asteraceae.
Bạch đầu ông là cỏ nhất niên, cao 20 – 40 cm, có lông. Lá có phiến bìa nguyên hay có răng, gân phụ 3 – 4 cặp; cuống dài 1 cm. Phát hoa, lá hoa đầu hường hay đo đỏ; lá hoa có lông năm tiết; hoa toàn hình ống. Bế quả có lông màu trắng, lông vòng ngoài ngắn, lông trong dài cỡ 5 mm.
Cỏ dại thông thường, đất hoang, bờ lộ: I – XII. Chứa alcaloid, flavonoid, triterpen, sesquiterpenlacton, sesquiterpen.
Ta ăn lá non; phát hãn, trị ho, trị đau bụng; hoa trị đau mắt; in vitro, chống siêu khuẩn R.D. Ở Arabia, trị bò cạp cắn, sốt, trĩ; rễ, hột trị sán lãi.
Lá non làm rau ăn được, toàn cây có tính phát hãn (ra mồ hôi), lợi tiểu, giải độc, trị ho, đau bụng, sốt nóng. Có tính kháng siêu vi, trị viêm gan, cúm gia cầm. Liều dùng 100 g tươi hoặc 30 g khô sắc uống. Có thể phối hợp với cây Diệp hạ châu (Chó đẻ), Cỏ mực (Lọ nồi), mỗi thứ 30 g dược liệu khô, sắc uống để trị viêm gan siêu vi và các chứng sốt nóng do siêu vi.
___________________________________________________________
**** www.stuartxchange.org/AgasMoro.html
Agas-moro
Vernonia cinerea Linn.
ASH-COLORED FLEABANE
Ye xiang niu
Botany
Agas-moro is an erect, slender, sparingly branched, somewhat pubescent annual herb, growing up to 20 to 80 cm high. Leaves, smaller at higher altitudes, are oblanceolate to obovate, 2 to 6 cm long, with pointed or obtuse tips, with shallowly toothed margins. Heads are small, stalked, borne in open, lax corymbs, and about 7 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. Flowers are rather bright-purple, all perfect, the corolla all equal, tubular, slender 5-lobed, about 20 in each head, twice as long as the involucral bracts which are linear and silky. Fruits are achenes, striate, ribbed or angled; pappus hairs numerous.
Properties
Cooling, febrifuge, sedating, decongestant, anti-infectious.
According to Ayurveda, the herb is sweet, cold, tonic, stomachic, astringent.
Distribution
Open waste places throughout the settled areas at low and medium altitudes; common weed, flowering all the year.
Parts used
Whole plant.
Collect from May to August.
Rinse and sun-dry.
Uses
Folkloric
• In the Philippines, infusion of plant taken internally for cough.
• Plant also used for wounds.
• Decoction of leaves used against humid herpes, eczema, etc.
• Used for colds and fever; also for acute jaunditic hepatitis.
• Plant decoction used by Hindus to promote perspirationin febrile affections.
• Combined with quinine, used for malarial fevers.
• Expressed juice of plant used for hemorrhoids.
• In Chuta Nagpus whole plant used as remedy for bladder spasms and strangury.
• Root given for dropsy.
• Flowers used for conjunctivitis; also reported useful for fevers.
• In Patna, leaves employed as alexipharmic and anthelmintic.
• In the Nighantas plant used for asthma, bronchitis, and consumption.
• Neurasthenia, insomnia, night urination among infants, infected sores, mastitis, snake bites, sprains, furuncle.
• Dosage: 15 to 30 gms dried material (among infants, 9 to 15 gms), 30 to 60 gms fresh material in decoction. · · · • Poultice of fresh material used for eczema, carbuncle and snake bites.
• In India, whole herb juice is used most frequently – for eye problems. Also used for poisonous insect and snake bites. As a tonic, taken twice a month with milk. For ringworm, applied to affected parts with milk. Used for all types of fever and considered one of the best remedies for typhoid.
• In Ayurveda, used for consumption, asthma, bronchitis and fevers.
• In Senegal and French Guinea plant infusion used to wash newborn infants; also used for children with incontinence of urine.
• Bitter root used as vermifuge.
• In Ceylon, used for wounds and sores; taken internally to promote sweating.
Studies
• Anti-Arthritic / Anti-Inflammatory: An alcoholic extract from the flower of Vernonia cinerea was tested in adjuvant arthritic rats. The extract reversed major histopathological changes in the arthritic hindpaws. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids and flavanoids. The study concluded that the extract contains a yet-unidentified anti-inflammatory principle.
• Free Radical Scavenging: The levels of oxygen derived free radicals, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalas, glutathione peroxidase amd glutathione) were studied in experimental rats.
• Nephroprotective: Nephroprotective Activity of Herbal Extracts of Vernonia Cinerea in the Cisplatin Model of Renal Toxicity in Rats: Vernonia cinerea is a a plant widely used by the Indian tribal people of Tirumula for urinary complaints. A study on three extracts from the plant showed promising nephrocurative activity and nephroprotective activity in rat-model of cisplastin-induced renal toxicity. Cisplastin is a potent antitumor agent with limited clinical use because of its renal toxicity.
• Toxicity Study: No toxicity was found on a methanol extract study of VC in mice and brine shrimp.
• Antioxidant / Anti-Inflammatory: Methanol extract of VC was found to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and nitric oxide. It also significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammation together with down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine level and gene expression.
• Diuretic / Anti-Diuretic Effects: The chloroform extract of leaf induced significant diuresis while the methanol and aqueous extracts induced significant anti-diuresis in rats. In both, the effects were dose-dependent.
• Smoking Cessation Treatment: Veronia cinerea has been used in traditional Thai medicine to relieve cigarette craving. A 24-week, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial on 64 subjects randomized to an infusion of 3-gm crushed dried whole plant of VC in infusion three times daily or placebo. Results were promising and suggest that VC may be a potential alternative to treatment for smoking cessation with significant cost savings. Large scale trials are needed to verify its efficacy.
• Bioactive Constituents: Study isolated four compounds: (+)-Lirioresinol B, stigmasterol, stigmasterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside and 4-sulfo-benzocyclobutene. Three of the compounds showed cytotoxicity on PC-12 and three compounds showed inhibition activity. Compound 4 induced NGF-activity.
• Anti-Inflammatory: Methanol extract of the whole plant of VC exhibited significant dose-dependent activity against all phlogistic agents. In the chronic model, it exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity compared with the standard drug phenylbutazone.
• Anti-Inflammatory / Analgesic / Anti-Inflammatory: Chloroform, methanolic and ether extracts of VC showed to possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects together with changes in behavioral activities.
• Antibacterial: VC was one of 40 different medicinal plants that showed bioactivity against Corynebacterium macginleyi.
Availability
Wild-crafted.
**** www.hear.org/pier/species/cyanthillium_cinereum.htm
**** keys.trin.org.au:8080/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-…
**** ayurvedicmedicinalplants.com/plants/737.html
**** plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CYCI4
**** www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=2…
**** docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:fc5auZpvXr4J:www.n…
Vernonia cinerea, Cyanthillium cinereum, Little Iron Weed ….Bạch đầu ông, Bạch đầu tro, Cúc tím dại …#4
Image by Vietnam Plants & The USA. plants
Vietnamese named : Cúc tím dại, Bạch đầu tro, Bạch đầu ông .
Common names : Little Iron Weed, Ash- Colored Fleabane, Small Iron Weed, Vernonia.
Scientist name : Vernonia cinerea ( L.) Less
Synonyms : Blumea chinensis (L.) DC.; Conyza chinensis L.; Conyza cinerea L.; Senecioides cinerea (L.) Kuntze ex Britt. & Wilson; Serratula cinerea (L.) Roxb.; Cyanthillium cinereum
(L.) H.Rob., Vernonia cinerea var. parviflora (Reinw.) DC.
Family : Asteraceae / Compositae . Họ Cúc ( Hướng Dương )
Links :
**** www.khoahocphothong.com.vn/news/detail/9848/bach-dau-tro….
ĐÁP: Mẫu vật bạn gởi hỏi là cây Bạch đầu tro, còn gọi Bạch đầu ông, tên khoa học là Vernonia cinerea (L) Less., thuộc họ Cúc – Asteraceae.
Bạch đầu ông là cỏ nhất niên, cao 20 – 40 cm, có lông. Lá có phiến bìa nguyên hay có răng, gân phụ 3 – 4 cặp; cuống dài 1 cm. Phát hoa, lá hoa đầu hường hay đo đỏ; lá hoa có lông năm tiết; hoa toàn hình ống. Bế quả có lông màu trắng, lông vòng ngoài ngắn, lông trong dài cỡ 5 mm.
Cỏ dại thông thường, đất hoang, bờ lộ: I – XII. Chứa alcaloid, flavonoid, triterpen, sesquiterpenlacton, sesquiterpen.
Ta ăn lá non; phát hãn, trị ho, trị đau bụng; hoa trị đau mắt; in vitro, chống siêu khuẩn R.D. Ở Arabia, trị bò cạp cắn, sốt, trĩ; rễ, hột trị sán lãi.
Lá non làm rau ăn được, toàn cây có tính phát hãn (ra mồ hôi), lợi tiểu, giải độc, trị ho, đau bụng, sốt nóng. Có tính kháng siêu vi, trị viêm gan, cúm gia cầm. Liều dùng 100 g tươi hoặc 30 g khô sắc uống. Có thể phối hợp với cây Diệp hạ châu (Chó đẻ), Cỏ mực (Lọ nồi), mỗi thứ 30 g dược liệu khô, sắc uống để trị viêm gan siêu vi và các chứng sốt nóng do siêu vi.
___________________________________________________________
**** www.stuartxchange.org/AgasMoro.html
Agas-moro
Vernonia cinerea Linn.
ASH-COLORED FLEABANE
Ye xiang niu
Botany
Agas-moro is an erect, slender, sparingly branched, somewhat pubescent annual herb, growing up to 20 to 80 cm high. Leaves, smaller at higher altitudes, are oblanceolate to obovate, 2 to 6 cm long, with pointed or obtuse tips, with shallowly toothed margins. Heads are small, stalked, borne in open, lax corymbs, and about 7 mm long and 2.5 mm in diameter. Flowers are rather bright-purple, all perfect, the corolla all equal, tubular, slender 5-lobed, about 20 in each head, twice as long as the involucral bracts which are linear and silky. Fruits are achenes, striate, ribbed or angled; pappus hairs numerous.
Properties
Cooling, febrifuge, sedating, decongestant, anti-infectious.
According to Ayurveda, the herb is sweet, cold, tonic, stomachic, astringent.
Distribution
Open waste places throughout the settled areas at low and medium altitudes; common weed, flowering all the year.
Parts used
Whole plant.
Collect from May to August.
Rinse and sun-dry.
Uses
Folkloric
• In the Philippines, infusion of plant taken internally for cough.
• Plant also used for wounds.
• Decoction of leaves used against humid herpes, eczema, etc.
• Used for colds and fever; also for acute jaunditic hepatitis.
• Plant decoction used by Hindus to promote perspirationin febrile affections.
• Combined with quinine, used for malarial fevers.
• Expressed juice of plant used for hemorrhoids.
• In Chuta Nagpus whole plant used as remedy for bladder spasms and strangury.
• Root given for dropsy.
• Flowers used for conjunctivitis; also reported useful for fevers.
• In Patna, leaves employed as alexipharmic and anthelmintic.
• In the Nighantas plant used for asthma, bronchitis, and consumption.
• Neurasthenia, insomnia, night urination among infants, infected sores, mastitis, snake bites, sprains, furuncle.
• Dosage: 15 to 30 gms dried material (among infants, 9 to 15 gms), 30 to 60 gms fresh material in decoction. · · · • Poultice of fresh material used for eczema, carbuncle and snake bites.
• In India, whole herb juice is used most frequently – for eye problems. Also used for poisonous insect and snake bites. As a tonic, taken twice a month with milk. For ringworm, applied to affected parts with milk. Used for all types of fever and considered one of the best remedies for typhoid.
• In Ayurveda, used for consumption, asthma, bronchitis and fevers.
• In Senegal and French Guinea plant infusion used to wash newborn infants; also used for children with incontinence of urine.
• Bitter root used as vermifuge.
• In Ceylon, used for wounds and sores; taken internally to promote sweating.
Studies
• Anti-Arthritic / Anti-Inflammatory: An alcoholic extract from the flower of Vernonia cinerea was tested in adjuvant arthritic rats. The extract reversed major histopathological changes in the arthritic hindpaws. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids and flavanoids. The study concluded that the extract contains a yet-unidentified anti-inflammatory principle.
• Free Radical Scavenging: The levels of oxygen derived free radicals, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalas, glutathione peroxidase amd glutathione) were studied in experimental rats.
• Nephroprotective: Nephroprotective Activity of Herbal Extracts of Vernonia Cinerea in the Cisplatin Model of Renal Toxicity in Rats: Vernonia cinerea is a a plant widely used by the Indian tribal people of Tirumula for urinary complaints. A study on three extracts from the plant showed promising nephrocurative activity and nephroprotective activity in rat-model of cisplastin-induced renal toxicity. Cisplastin is a potent antitumor agent with limited clinical use because of its renal toxicity.
• Toxicity Study: No toxicity was found on a methanol extract study of VC in mice and brine shrimp.
• Antioxidant / Anti-Inflammatory: Methanol extract of VC was found to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and nitric oxide. It also significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammation together with down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine level and gene expression.
• Diuretic / Anti-Diuretic Effects: The chloroform extract of leaf induced significant diuresis while the methanol and aqueous extracts induced significant anti-diuresis in rats. In both, the effects were dose-dependent.
• Smoking Cessation Treatment: Veronia cinerea has been used in traditional Thai medicine to relieve cigarette craving. A 24-week, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial on 64 subjects randomized to an infusion of 3-gm crushed dried whole plant of VC in infusion three times daily or placebo. Results were promising and suggest that VC may be a potential alternative to treatment for smoking cessation with significant cost savings. Large scale trials are needed to verify its efficacy.
• Bioactive Constituents: Study isolated four compounds: (+)-Lirioresinol B, stigmasterol, stigmasterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside and 4-sulfo-benzocyclobutene. Three of the compounds showed cytotoxicity on PC-12 and three compounds showed inhibition activity. Compound 4 induced NGF-activity.
• Anti-Inflammatory: Methanol extract of the whole plant of VC exhibited significant dose-dependent activity against all phlogistic agents. In the chronic model, it exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity compared with the standard drug phenylbutazone.
• Anti-Inflammatory / Analgesic / Anti-Inflammatory: Chloroform, methanolic and ether extracts of VC showed to possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects together with changes in behavioral activities.
• Antibacterial: VC was one of 40 different medicinal plants that showed bioactivity against Corynebacterium macginleyi.
Availability
Wild-crafted.
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